青少年 5-1 制度
Volleyball is a team sport, learning how to play as a team is a key to winning a match.
Playing a 5-1 formation requires players to change positions most of the time.
The position changes happen at the moment of the serve when the team is
playing defense or when the ball is going back to the opponents from our own attack.
If the team is returning serves, then we stay for the first rally.
OH is always playing left, MH/DS is always playing middle, and RS/X always plays the right of the court.
Players in the front row have to pay attention to the opponent's hitters and try to block
the ball in every attack on us. Target the one close to you and see how you can defeat
him/her by successfully blocking the shots. Get help/advice whenever necessary if you
can not be successful.
Following is the diagram for a 5-1 starting formation:
Set Codes and Positions:
Note that our codes maybe different than others. We basically divide the net into 9 portions and call them from
1 to 9 from left to right. However, we will be playing tempo 2 and tempo 3 sets, meaning the sets are low and fast to the
outsides for the most time (unless it's a bad pass and the setter needs to adjust it). We want our team to be
on a faster pace attacks than usual, so we will not be playing high outside sets.
Please check the setcodes diagram for details on the sets.
#1 is flat and long to the left side for open hit, the hitter has a wider range for the kill and avoid the blocks.
#4 is in middle of the net, while #9 is flat to the right side. For back row sets we call "PIPE", we will use it on our team.
"A", "B" and "C" are quick sets which we will try to play if we could get good return serves.
Now, for all these to work, we need good passes, good passes will make your setter's job easier.
The key is when we call sets (either the setter or the hitter calls before the serve),
you know where the ball is going and you can prepare yourself and expect the ball to be there.
The setters have the responsibility to put the ball to where it should be and the hitters have to get
themselves ready to hit the ball. The hitter has to read the blockers and pick a set that could break
their defense, trying to mix up the attack styles can always mean success in games. In a team that
has good return serves, playing all the set combination became possible and very flexible during
the games.
5-1 Formation:
Following is the diagram for a 5-1 formation before receiving serves: notice that front row are
presented in circles while back row are in rectangles.
As for defense, generally, we play center back, and the players on both sides go up for short balls
and tips. The player behind the blockers has to go up to cover the tip ball behind and around
your blockers. Make sure you move up to within the 10 feet line whenever your blocker goes for a block.
The player in the back row on the cross has to pay attention for long hits from the hitter,
this is a tough angle to defense but a tough angle to hit, too. Please take a look at Defense
Diagram for more details on the play.
The position changes happens at the moment of the serve when the team is
playing defense. If the team is returning serve, then we stay for the first rally,
we change to our designated position at moment we play defense.
In Perimeter defense, OH is always playing left, MH/DS is always playing middle,
and X/RS always plays the right of the court.
Notice that our defense scheme is flexible, we adjust as the games go along.
Situations changes when we meet different opponents, especially typical players who can only hit
the ball in one direction (mostly cross) or certain spot. Then you should adjust your position to
expect the hits when you are facing the same player again. Our defense is about the same when the attack
changes from the right to the left or in the middle. The center always stay back and run up to defense.
Remember center back is the last line of defense, you have to go for any ball coming long. Blockers
try to close up to avoid attack ball coming through between the blocks.
Both back row sides get the tips, and the cross get the strong hits, too. That's the idea.
Following are some highlight of things to pay attention to:
- The goal for blockers is to keep the balls from being driven into center areas of the court,
-- you are blocking a zone, and leave the straight and cross to the defenders behind you.
- Both sides covering the tips (either a back row player or the free front row player), must stay
low and run after every tipped ball. This frees the back row center player to worry only about driven balls.
- Cross-court diggers must position themselves so that they can clearly see the ball and the
attacker around the outside of the block.
- Middle back players must be prepared to run after any long soft/strong shots and the balls that
got tipped off the blocker's hands.
- Call free balls loudly and early. Free ball is your team's best chance to get points.
Move to the appropriate position quickly. Don't relax on free balls, pass the ball high enough to the
setter, make sure the setter and hitters (unless have to) never passes the ball. We always want the DS
to take the free ball.
There are two systems on defense that we will be using, they are Perimeter Defense and Rotational Defense.
Perimeter Defense:
Here in this diagram is perimeter defense:
The following are the 3 situation of perimeter defense you will see. Attack from right, middle and left.
I am using diagrams to show you how the defense should work. This example assumes Setter X is in the back
row. Simply swap the X position with RS when Setter is at the front row. Notice that the blockers' job is
to close the area of the the attack only leaving the straight line and hard cross open.
First, defending attacks from the right:
Second, defending attacks from the middle:
Third, defending attacks from the left:
Rotational Defense:
Here in this diagram is rotational defense:
The following are the 3 situation of rotational defense you will see. Attack from right, middle and left.
I am using diagrams to show you how the defense should work. This example assumes Setter X is in the back
row. Simply swap the X position with RS when Setter is at the front row. Notice that the blockers' job is
to close the area of the the attack only leaving the straight line and hard cross open.
First, defending attacks from the right:
Second, defending attacks from the middle:
Third, defending attacks from the left:
Offense:
Good offense comes from good return serves. I can not stress on this enough. Passing the ball high to the
setter is very important, by doing so you give time for the setter to get ready for the set and have time
to peak at the blockers before making the set. As you can see from our set position diagram, there are ways
for a hitter to do in offense. Finding your strongest sets is very important in practice, so you can rely on
the set when you really need a point during the games. There are some video clips for reference on this
web site. I draw up some basic and advanced formation for you guys below. There could be a lot of different
ways to execute your plays. It's very important to get your players to practice and know what they
are good at and work on making your plays the strongest combinations of all.
Following are five simple scenarios of the most frequently used offensive plays executed by 3 hitters:
Offense Coverage:
The following are the 3 situation of offense coverage you will see. Attack from right, middle and left.
I am using diagrams to show you how the defense should work. This example assumes Setter X is in the back
row. It will be slightly diffenent when the setter is in the front row, however the principle is the same.
Rule of thumb is to form a inner arch and a outer arch with players move in closer to the hitter and
naturally form the wave of defense rings. It𠏋 important for the hitter to avoid making contact with
the blocked ball unless the player could not get away from it. You should always let your defense players
take the ball. Do not reach for the bounced ball.
First, attack coverage on the right:
Second, attack coverage in the middle:
Third, attack coverage on the left:
Final words:
In a 5-1, either perimeter/rotational defense; the position changes happens at the moment of
the serve when the team is playing defense. If the team is returning serve, then we stay for
the first rally, then change to our designated position at moment the team turns to play defense.
In perimeter defense, OH always plays at the left side, MH/DS plays in the middle, and X/RS
plays the right side of the court regardless of front row or back row.
Q&A:
Q: What happens when the setter took the first ball on a hit or a tip?
A: Generally a team would avoid letting the setter take the first pass in any occasion, but
it will happen. At this moment, your MH or RS whoever is better at setting should be the
player to take the set. This would be a good drill to run during practice.
Q: What do we do when the opponents keep scoring on hits to zone 1 (behind the setter)?
A: Make adjustments. If your blockers are leaving the straight line open with a gap, tell them
to close it up. Do not leave a gap in between blockers either. You can leave the cross open since
your back row OH will be there. If you were running perimeter defense, change it to rotational
defense when this type of hitter is in the front row. Making correct adjustments is essential
during the games. And this will be another drill, too.
Q: What do I do on attacks when I have 2 hitters with setter in the front row?
A: Hehe... good question, see the 5 scenarios on attacks above? You can have your back row hitters
run pipe instead of a #1 or a #4, even a #9 in the same location only in the back row.
If you can run attacks like this successfully, your team is already in a higher level.
I can probably come up with a few clips later to show you what I mean by that.
Comments, questions and feedback are welcome. Have fun and be safe on the courts.
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